What is Quorum?

A quorum is the minimum number of members who must be present for a group to officially meet and make decisions. If a quorum isn’t met, the group can talk or share updates, but it usually cannot vote or take any official action. For example, if a seven-member city council needs four members to be present, that is the quorum. Without at least four people attending, the council cannot approve ordinances, pass motions, or move forward with official business.

Quorum rules help make sure decisions aren’t made by only a few people. They ensure that enough members of a board, council, or committee are involved so the decisions represent the group as a whole. The required number for a quorum is usually written in a group’s bylaws, charter, or state law. The standard for a quorum is often a simple majority, but it can vary. 

Quorums are required in many settings, including city councils, school boards, planning commissions, nonprofit boards, neighborhood associations, and public committees. If a quorum is not reached, the meeting may be postponed or rescheduled to ensure enough members can participate.